Byzantine Chant and Tradition: From Theory to Practice. An online course in the living art of Orthodox liturgical chant

Feasibility Study

The proposed training program in the art and tradition of Byzantine chant addresses pressing social, cultural, and technological needs of the modern era. Byzantine music is a living cultural code that connects Orthodox communities with their spiritual identity. At the same time, the global Greek diaspora has generated an increased demand for high-quality education that preserves and promotes this heritage.

The program fills a significant educational gap by offering specialized knowledge and skills related to both the theory and practice of Byzantine music. It also enriches the musical experience through the integration of the Pontic lyra. The use of modern digital tools—such as live-streaming of liturgical services—ensures broad access and interactive learning, adapted to the needs of the digital age.

The program’s innovation lies in its multidimensional approach: it combines interdisciplinary theoretical training, experiential practical instruction, and technological support. This empowers participants to respond to the evolving demands of the job market in fields such as musicological research, ecclesiastical service, and cultural management. In contrast to existing programs, this initiative not only emphasizes tradition but also focuses on the experiential and technological enhancement of the chanting art. It thus opens new opportunities for employment and networking within an international audience, with a special focus on the Greek diaspora.

Learning Outcomes and Transversal Skills

Upon successful completion of the program, participants will have developed:

1. A deep understanding of the historical development and theoretical foundations of Byzantine chant, with emphasis on its enduring role within the context of Orthodox liturgical worship and the broader Greek cultural heritage.
2. Specialized knowledge of the musical structures of chant, including the echoi (modes), melodic formulas, rhythmic and melodic variations, and their functional application across different services and ritual contexts.
3. A critical comprehension of the musicological, liturgical, and theological parameters underlying the art of chanting, grounded in primary sources, ecclesiastical texts, and modern interpretative approaches.
4. Knowledge of the contribution of the Pontic lyra as an interpretative and acoustic enhancement tool for the chanting tradition, aiming to enrich auditory perception and the experiential dimension of the music.
5. Understanding and effective use of contemporary digital technologies and educational tools—such as live streaming and multimedia applications—in both teaching practice and the dissemination of the chanting tradition.
6. Awareness of the role of chanting in preserving and strengthening the cultural identity of the Greek diaspora, and its significance as a vehicle of cultural diplomacy on an international level.

By the end of the program, participants will be able to:

1. Apply the basic techniques of Byzantine vocal chant with accuracy and expressiveness, both individually and within collective liturgical settings.
2. Analyze and perform melodies within traditional modes and rhythmic frameworks, adapting their delivery to different liturgical and musicological contexts.
3. Use the Pontic lyra as a tool of musical accompaniment, integrating it into the performance of the chant to enhance the auditory experience and promote sensitivity to traditional musical expression.
4. Manage and utilize modern digital technologies and multimedia tools for the live transmission and documentation of chanting performances, as well as to facilitate the learning process and knowledge dissemination.
5. Participate actively in liturgical services and ecclesiastical ceremonies, applying their theoretical and practical training with reverence and authenticity to the ecclesiastical typikon, thereby enhancing the spiritual dimension of worship.
6. Cultivate critical self-assessment and continuous improvement of their chanting skills through systematic practice, study, and the exchange of experiences in academic and ecclesiastical environments.

Transversal Skills Development

Through their participation in the program, learners are expected to develop a wide range of transversal (soft) skills, which will have a positive impact both on a personal and social level, extending beyond the immediate educational experience.

(a) Personal Level

• Development of values and attitudes that promote respect for cultural heritage, spirituality, and the preservation of tradition in a contemporary context.
• Cultivation of autonomy and responsibility through systematic study, practice, and active participation in liturgical and educational activities.
• Enhancement of the ability to “learn how to learn” via an interdisciplinary approach that integrates theory, practice, and technological support, encouraging lifelong learning and adaptability.
• Development of resilience and patience, essential traits for mastering the complex musical art of chanting, which requires ongoing practice and perseverance.

(b) Social Level

• Improvement of communication skills—both verbal and non-verbal—through participation in choirs, liturgical groups, and public musical presentations.
• Development of teamwork and collaboration skills in settings where the harmonious integration of voices and musical instruments is a prerequisite for successful chant performance.
• Strengthening of creativity and critical thinking through interpretative engagement with music and the use of new technologies for educational and liturgical purposes.
• Fostering of cultural sensitivity and intercultural dialogue, particularly vital for the diaspora, as the program addresses an international audience with diverse cultural backgrounds.
• Development of time management and organizational skills necessary to balance theoretical learning, practical training, and everyday commitments.

These competencies shape well-rounded individuals capable of evolving into independent-thinking artists and active members of their communities, contributing to cultural cohesion and the spiritual legacy of Orthodoxy.

Target Audience and Admission Requirements

The program is addressed to students and researchers in theology, musicology, Byzantine music, and cultural studies; to clergy members and church cantors, regardless of prior formal training in chant; as well as to members of the Greek Diaspora who wish to deepen their knowledge of the Byzantine chanting art and tradition.

Participants must hold a secondary education diploma or an equivalent qualification. Preference will be given to applicants with a basic prior knowledge of Byzantine music or general music theory. The use of digital tools in the program requires basic digital literacy and access to a reliable internet connection.

Eligible Applicant Categories – Prerequisite Knowledge

Participant selection is carried out through an evaluation of formal qualifications and the eligibility criteria outlined in the program announcement. Selection criteria include:

• Educational level (secondary or higher education diploma)
• Proven knowledge of the English language
• Prior knowledge or experience in Byzantine music or related fields
• Basic digital literacy sufficient for participation in online learning
• A possible interview or written assessment to evaluate the applicant’s motivation and commitment

In the case of high demand, selection may also be based on order of application or a combination of the above criteria, in order to ensure a high-quality educational environment.

Teaching Methodology:

The program will be conducted entirely through distance learning. Asynchronous teaching will include educational material uploaded on the KEDIVIM e-class platform, along with pre-recorded lectures and video presentations.

Regular Saturday and Sunday live broadcasts from the Holy Church of the Ascension in Koropi will allow participants to observe the liturgical order and the performance of the Resurrectional hymns during Vespers, Matins, and the Divine Liturgy.

Each unit will provide a clear weekly schedule for the teaching of both theory and practical training in hymn performance. A total of 150 hours of synchronous teaching has been allocated specifically to allow for hands-on application, similar to the approach followed in music conservatories.

In-person teaching is not planned, as it is practically unfeasible. Nevertheless, since the training of a chanter presupposes familiarity with the chanting stand (analogiο) and the live interaction required to develop proper hymnological and vocal style—elements that can only truly be acquired in situ—there will be live streaming every Sunday via YouTube or another digital platform, offering students the opportunity to experience this practice remotely.

Additionally, during Zoom lessons, participants will be able to chant with their microphones open, either in pairs or small groups, allowing for the simultaneous rendering of the melody and the ison. This structure will enable a high degree of self-improvement and skill development through interactive vocal engagement.

Educational Material / Other Provisions

All essential teaching materials and resources necessary for their training will be provided to the participants.

Program Structure
Thematic Unit 1. Introduction to Byzantine Chanting and the Ecclesiastical Music Tradition (Anastasimatarion: Vespers).

This unit provides an essential introduction to the history, structure, and liturgical function of Byzantine chant, with a special focus on the Anastasimatarion as used in the Vespers service. Emphasis is placed on both theoretical foundations and practical engagement with selected hymns.

Topics include:

• The origins and historical development of Byzantine ecclesiastical music
• Basic principles of the modal system (echoi) and their characteristics
• Introduction to Byzantine musical notation (Old and Middle Byzantine notation)
• The role and structure of the Anastasimatarion in Orthodox liturgical practice
• Thematic and musical analysis of Resurrectional hymns (Anastasima) in various modes
• Introduction to vocal technique and oral tradition in psaltic performance
• Practical exercises in chanting selected hymns from the Anastasimatarion (Vespers)
• Aural training: listening and identifying modes, intervals, and melodic patterns

The unit balances historical and theoretical understanding with applied musical training, laying the foundation for more advanced engagement with the psaltic art.

Upon successful completion of the thematic unit, learners will have developed the ability to:

• Understand the historical development of Byzantine Chant and the broader Ecclesiastical Music Tradition.
• Identify the structure and liturgical role of the Anastasimatarion in Vespers, highlighting its placement within the Typikon of the Orthodox Church.
• Recognize the modal system (echoi) of Byzantine Music and their fundamental melodic and rhythmic features.
• Read and interpret basic Byzantine musical notation in selected excerpts from the Anastasimatarion.
• Develop aural skills to distinguish modes and characteristic melodic formulas of Byzantine chant.
• Perform selected hymns from the Anastasimatarion (Vespers) using appropriate vocal technique and traditional stylistic accuracy.

Teaching hours: 20
Total workload hours: 50
ECTS credits: 2

Thematic Unit 2. Theory and Technique of Chanting Art (Part A)

This course introduces learners to the foundational aspects of Byzantine chant theory and vocal technique. Emphasis is placed on understanding the modal system (echoi), mastering basic psaltic vocal skills, and interpreting Byzantine musical notation.

Topics covered include:

• Introduction to the history and development of Byzantine chant
• Overview of the modal system (echoi) and their distinctive melodic characteristics
• Basic principles of Byzantine musical notation and its practical reading techniques
• Vocal techniques essential for psaltic performance, including breath control, ornamentation, and intonation
• Analysis of selected hymns to apply theoretical concepts in practical contexts
• Introduction to the liturgical function and historical background of psaltic repertoire
• Guided practice sessions focusing on accurate and expressive chant delivery

The course combines theoretical learning with applied practice to develop both understanding and performance skills in Byzantine chant.

Upon successful completion of the thematic unit, learners will have developed the ability to:

• a solid understanding of the fundamental principles of Byzantine chant theory and practice
• knowledge of the vocal techniques essential for psaltic performance
• familiarity with the basic modal system (echoi) and their musical characteristics
• skills in reading and interpreting Byzantine musical notation
• an awareness of the historical and liturgical context of the psaltic repertoire covered
• preliminary abilities in performing selected chants with stylistic accuracy

Teaching hours: 25
Total workload hours: 65
ECTS credits: 2,6

Thematic Unit 3. Modes, Scales, and Musical Morphological Elements (Part B)

This unit focuses on the theoretical and practical study of Byzantine modes (echoi), their associated scales, and the morphological features that define psaltic melodic structure. Learners will explore the elements that shape the form and expression of Byzantine chant melodies.

Key topics include:

• Detailed examination of the echoi and their modal characteristics
• Study of scale construction, intervals, and pitch organization in Byzantine chant
• Exploration of melodic motifs, formulae, and common melodic progressions
• Analysis of musical morphology and its role in shaping chant compositions
• Comparative insights into modal systems of related musical traditions
• Practical exercises in performing modal patterns and interpreting melodic forms
• Application of morphological concepts to selected chant excerpts and liturgical settings

Through a combination of theoretical analysis and practical application, learners will gain a deeper understanding of the structural and expressive aspects of Byzantine chant.

Upon successful completion of the thematic unit, learners will have developed the ability to:

• a comprehensive understanding of the Byzantine modal system (echoi) and their interrelations
• knowledge of scale structures and intervallic relationships within Byzantine chant
• the ability to recognize and analyze key morphological elements shaping psaltic melodies
• enhanced aural skills for identifying modal patterns and melodic formulas
• foundational skills in performing melodies that reflect their morphological characteristics
• an appreciation of the structural principles underlying Byzantine musical compositions

Teaching hours: 25
Total workload hours: 65
ECTS credits: 2,6

Thematic Unit 4. Hands-on Practice and Performance of Psalms

This unit emphasizes hands-on practice and interpretative skills in the performance of Byzantine psalms. Learners will engage in vocal exercises, rehearsal techniques, and detailed analysis to enhance both technical proficiency and expressive delivery.

Key topics include:

• Vocal exercises targeting psaltic technique and breath control
• Practical rehearsal sessions of selected psalms
• Study of stylistic ornamentations and their appropriate use
• Interpretation of the spiritual and liturgical meaning of psalms
• Techniques for solo and choral performance in liturgical contexts
• Collaborative practice to develop ensemble skills and responsiveness
• Application of theoretical knowledge in live chant performances

Through active practice and guided interpretation, learners will develop the skills necessary for confident and expressive psalm chanting.

Upon successful completion of the thematic unit, learners will have developed the ability to:

• advanced vocal techniques specific to the performance of psalmody
• increased confidence and accuracy in practical chanting sessions
• interpretative skills that reflect the spiritual and liturgical significance of psalms
• the ability to apply theoretical knowledge in live performance contexts
• familiarity with various stylistic nuances and ornamentations in psalm chanting
• experience in collaborative singing and liturgical participation

Teaching hours: 40
Total workload hours: 120
ECTS credits: 4,8

Thematic Unit 5. Pontic Lyra and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Ecclesiastical Music

This unit provides an in-depth exploration of [subject/topic]. Learners will study the foundational theories, key concepts, and practical applications related to [subject]. The content is designed to combine both theoretical understanding and hands-on experience.

Key topics covered include:

• Introduction to the main themes and historical background
• Detailed analysis of core principles and methodologies
• Practical exercises to apply theoretical knowledge
• Case studies or examples illustrating real-world applications
• Critical discussions and reflections on challenges and developments in the field
• Collaborative activities to foster teamwork and communication skills

By the end of this unit, learners will have gained a comprehensive understanding of the subject and developed the skills necessary for further study or professional practice.

Upon successful completion of the thematic unit, learners will have developed the ability to:

• a deep understanding of the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of the subject matter
• critical thinking skills to analyze and interpret relevant concepts and materials
• practical abilities to apply learned techniques in real-world or academic contexts
• enhanced communication and collaborative skills within the field
• an appreciation for interdisciplinary connections and cultural significance

Teaching hours: 20
Total workload hours: 50
ECTS credits: 2

Thematic Unit 6. Final Presentation (chanting skills of each trainee on the Anastasimatarion, Vespers), Evaluation and Reflection

This unit focuses on the final presentation of each learner’s chanting ability using the Anastasimatarion (Vespers) repertoire. Emphasis is placed on practical performance skills, accurate execution, and expressive interpretation of Byzantine chant. Learners will engage in self-assessment and reflective activities to consolidate their learning experience.

Key topics include:

• Preparation and rehearsal of selected Vespers chants from the Anastasimatarion
• Techniques for effective live vocal performance and stage presence
• Application of ornamentation and stylistic nuances in chant
• Methods for constructive peer and self-assessment
• Reflection on individual progress and challenges encountered during the program
• Discussion on the liturgical and spiritual context of the performed repertoire
• Feedback sessions with instructors to guide further development

Through this unit, learners will enhance their practical psaltic skills, develop critical listening and evaluation abilities, and cultivate a deeper understanding of their personal learning journey.

Upon successful completion of the thematic unit, learners will have developed the ability to:

• advanced chanting skills focused on the Anastasimatarion (Vespers) repertoire
• confidence and poise in live vocal performance
• a deep understanding of the liturgical and musical significance of the Anastasimatarion
• critical self-assessment and reflective skills regarding their own musical progress
• the ability to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical execution

Teaching hours: 20
Total workload hours: 50
ECTS credits: 2

Trainee Obligations and Certification Requirements

In order to successfully complete the program and be awarded a Certificate of Specialized Training, participants are required to meet the following conditions:

1. A) Attend the full range of instructional modules. Absences must not exceed 15% of the total scheduled training hours.
2. B) Successfully complete the program’s formal assessment process, which includes:

• a structured oral examination on the taught curriculum, and
• the performance of selected hymns from the Anastasimatarion (Vespers service across all Eight Modes, including both slow and short melodic forms).
  The minimum passing grade is 5 out of 10, with 10 being the maximum.

1. C) Fulfill all financial obligations by paying the full tuition fees.

Upon fulfillment of the above requirements, participants will be awarded a Certificate of Specialized Training corresponding to 400 hours of learning, and 16 ECTS credits (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System).

Participants who have complied with the attendance and tuition requirements but have not passed the final evaluation will receive an Official Certificate of Attendance.

Instructors

The program is taught by the following qualified instructor: Elias K. Petropoulos, Professor of Ancient History and Archaeology, Department of Languages, Literature, and Civilisation of the Black Sea Countries.

Participation Fee

The participation fee amounts to €980, payable in a single installment before the beginning of the lessons. Payment is a prerequisite for enrollment in the program.

Payment Instructions

Tuition fees should be deposited into the bank account GR98 0172 3520 0053 5209 2260 595 at Piraeus Bank, with the payment reference:

“KE 70077 (KEDIVIM), Full Name and Father’s Name.”

The deposit slip must be sent via email to: ipetropo@bscc.duth.gr, and you must receive a confirmation email acknowledging receipt.

In the event of an unexpected inability to attend the program, a refund is possible, provided that notification is given before the official start date of the program.

Selection Criteria – Application Evaluation

The maximum number of participants is set at 300, with a minimum of 10.
Applications will be evaluated on a first-come, first-served basis.

Application Submission and Required Documents

Application start date: July 7, 2025

Deadline for submission: September 10, 2025

The online application serves as a Solemn Declaration in accordance with paragraph 4 of article 8 of Law 1599/1986.

By submitting the application, the applicant unreservedly accepts all terms of the program, as outlined in the public call/study guide, the academic regulations, and the operational regulations of Training and Lifelong Learning Center οf DUTH: https://kedivim.duth.gr/en/institutional-framework/

The minimum required supporting documents to be submitted are:

1. A copy of the national identity card or passport
2. A copy of education certificate
3. A certificate of English language proficiency (minimum level B2)

Appeals will be accepted up to five (5) days after the publication of the list of selected participants.

Program Implementation Disclaimer

If the minimum number of participants is not reached, the Scientific Director reserves the right to reschedule the program start date or cancel the program, with timely notification to all applicants.

Contact

For further information, interested individuals may contact Elias K. Petropoulos at:
Phone: (+30) 6977088777 (also available on WhatsApp)

Email: ipetropo@bscc.duth.gr

Course Outlines – Thematic Units